control groups at least in one of the depression and hope variables. Eta value showed that 0.48 of combinational variable variance was determined by group membership of the subjects.
As seen in Table 5, F of mean scores in depression and hope posttests of the experimental and control groups are 24.94 and 25.73, respectively, which are signi cant (P < 0.01). Based on Eta (e ect) coe cient, the di erences between depression and hope variables in 2 groups were related to the in uence of teaching HTP.