Among the prevention measures taken by many food operations are the application of good
manufacturing practices and good hygiene practices, the use of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) method 9001, hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP), and Total Quality
Management (TQM) (Aruoma, 2006). In Malaysia, while these prevention measures are voluntary based,
adoption of hygiene practices is facilitated under Food Act 1983 [Act 281] and Food Hygiene Regulations
2009. The Food Hygiene Regulations 2009, conferred by section 34 of the Food Act 1983 [Act 281) and
was passed on 28 February 2009.