Regulation of Blood Glucose During Exercise
As noted earlier, when insulin is released during resting conditions it causes most cells of the body to uptake glucose, thus lowering blood glucose levels. In most cells, this action is accomplished by glucose transporters. There are many different types of glucose transporters, but they all work by eliciting facilitated diffusion of glucose across the plasma membrane. GLUT 4 is a glucose transporter that is abundant in tissues such as muscle and adipose which account for the majority of glucose uptake from blood.
In resting skeletal muscle GLUT 4 is activated only by insulin. Once activated, the intracellular pool of these protein transporters fuses with the plasma membrane of the cell allowing glucose to diffuse in. The presence of insulin at these cells results in an increased glucose uptake 10-30 times that of normal values.
Exercise has been shown to activate GLUT 4 transporters in skeletal muscle independent of insulin presence. This fact has significant implications for the diabetic. According to ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities, regular physical activity has been shown to benefit both types of diabetes. They consider exercise as the “cornerstone” of diabetic care. ACSM’s list of the effects of exercise training with diabetics include:
Regulation of Blood Glucose During ExerciseAs noted earlier, when insulin is released during resting conditions it causes most cells of the body to uptake glucose, thus lowering blood glucose levels. In most cells, this action is accomplished by glucose transporters. There are many different types of glucose transporters, but they all work by eliciting facilitated diffusion of glucose across the plasma membrane. GLUT 4 is a glucose transporter that is abundant in tissues such as muscle and adipose which account for the majority of glucose uptake from blood.In resting skeletal muscle GLUT 4 is activated only by insulin. Once activated, the intracellular pool of these protein transporters fuses with the plasma membrane of the cell allowing glucose to diffuse in. The presence of insulin at these cells results in an increased glucose uptake 10-30 times that of normal values.Exercise has been shown to activate GLUT 4 transporters in skeletal muscle independent of insulin presence. This fact has significant implications for the diabetic. According to ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities, regular physical activity has been shown to benefit both types of diabetes. They consider exercise as the “cornerstone” of diabetic care. ACSM’s list of the effects of exercise training with diabetics include:
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