This paper builds on the view that too much attention in the management, management
control and management accounting literatures has been given to ex post performance
measurement as distinct from ex ante performance management. The paper develops a
conceptual model of Performance Management Systems (PMS) building on the work and
insights of primarily Otley (1999) and Ferreira and Otley (2005, 2009) who share similar
concerns. Particular attention is given to analysing the underlying factors that influence
the nature of any PMS, which Ferreira and Otley (2005, 2009) address only to a limited
extent in their model. This analysis into these factors leads to the development of Ferreira
and Otley’s conceptualisation into a ‘middle range’ (Laughlin, 1995, 2004; Broadbent and
Laughlin, 1997) model of the alternative nature of PMS lying on a continuum from ‘transactional’
at one end to ‘relational’ at the other built on respectively underlying instrumental
and communicative rationalities and guided by a range of contextual factors.
This paper builds on the view that too much attention in the management, management
control and management accounting literatures has been given to ex post performance
measurement as distinct from ex ante performance management. The paper develops a
conceptual model of Performance Management Systems (PMS) building on the work and
insights of primarily Otley (1999) and Ferreira and Otley (2005, 2009) who share similar
concerns. Particular attention is given to analysing the underlying factors that influence
the nature of any PMS, which Ferreira and Otley (2005, 2009) address only to a limited
extent in their model. This analysis into these factors leads to the development of Ferreira
and Otley’s conceptualisation into a ‘middle range’ (Laughlin, 1995, 2004; Broadbent and
Laughlin, 1997) model of the alternative nature of PMS lying on a continuum from ‘transactional’
at one end to ‘relational’ at the other built on respectively underlying instrumental
and communicative rationalities and guided by a range of contextual factors.
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