Smoking adds desirable sensory properties to many foods and is widely applied in meat and fish processing. As much as 40–60% of the total amounts of meat products are smoked. Numerous smoke components have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, and some may cause health hazards because of their potential mutagenic/carcinogenic properties. The procedures applied in smoking of various products differ in the density, temperature, humidity, and flow rate of the smoke and the time of processing. They may be carried out in traditional kilns or mechanical smokehouses. Smoked foods produced from high-quality raw materials in controlled conditions, in kilns or tunnels supplied with smoke generated at a temperature not exceeding 400 °C, do not create any health hazards if consumed before the end of shelf life.