Data Analysis
The instruments were analyzed by two researchers with extensive knowledge of culture and its influence on teaching, learning, and leadership. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2006) and constant com- parative analysis (Glaser, 1965), a sample of instruments were read and coded independently by each of the researchers to establish interrater reliability (Neuendorf, 2002). In a few instances where differences in coding occurred, the differences were discussed and resolved. Marques and McCall (2005) report using independent interraters in the analysis of data to “substantiate the instrument and significantly reduce the chance of bias influencing the out- come” (p. 440). To be clear, this step was not an attempt to norm or eliminate the researchers’ perspectives in the analysis process. To the contrary, this step was intended to bring the varied perspectives of each researcher to the inter- pretation of the responses. As researchers with differing identities and experi- ences, we hold varied worldviews. The diversity of our perspectives helped us consider the data from multiple angles. In creating interrater reliability, our goal was to expand our individual views to be more inclusive of our collec- tive perspectives while recognizing the limitations of this strategy. We do not claim to be objective in this process. However, we were intentionally system- atic in our analysis to ensure credibility (Merriam, 2009).
Once interrater reliability was established, all instruments were coded to identify examples of educator beliefs, knowledge of culture, and application