Measures
HPWS HPWS was measured along five functional HPWS areas (selectivity in hiring, employee
development and career opportunities, rewards, performance evaluation, and participation and
communication). To measure the five HPWS activities, 26 HPWS items were selected based on
earlier work on HPWS in the Netherlands 23 HPWS items by Kroon et al. (2009), and three
additional items on involvement by Boselie (2002) are included. Line managers reported the