The development of intercropping in rubber tree (Hevea
brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) plantation began in the 1950s in
China. In the 1950s, the expansion of rubber plantation
area brought up issues of land use in immature rubber
plantations, especially due to shortage of grain, so the
main purpose of intercropping was to provide the rubber
grower agricultural food products. During the 1970s-
1980s, intercropping was put on the agenda due to
damages of natural disasters such as typhoon, and the
scale, efficiency and techniques of intercropping had
been developed in an unprecedented way until the mid of
1980s. With the development of economic reform and
opening up to the outside world, people’s living standards
have been greatly improved, and the productivity and
product quality of intercrops in rubber plantations have
been challenged or affected by other reasons, for
instance, the lack of market of some intercrops such as
tea, Alphinia in intercropping patterns rubber/tea and rubber/Alpinia oxyphylla which gradually lost their market
(Lin et al., 1999).
In the past, intercrops were positioned as second-line
crops to increase the land use capacity, yield per unit
area, income and employment opportunities (Lin et al.,
1999). However, with the increment of disastrous weather
events due to global climate change and ecological
awareness, and the decrement of land for growing other
crops due to the fact that majority of lands have been
covered with rubber tree, as well as the demand of agriculture
industrialization due to marketization of products,
it is also very important to stabilize income of farmers for
whole production span, especially in the period after
natural disaster or market stagnant, to produce food and
vegetable for the people or to enrich biodiversity of rubber
plantations in the area of hundred-miles rubber plantation
in China so that intercrops are no longer as underpart
and should be industrially planted as regular crops during
the whole rubber production span of rubber tree.
Nevertheless, most other crops generally do not grow as
tall as rubber tree, and hence with the development of the
rubber canopy, the practicality of inter-planting crops
which demand fairly high amounts of radiation is not feasible (Rodrigo, 2001). Due to most economically
important crops, most of which are heliophilous plants of
which the photosynthetic characteristics are difficult to
improve, cannot be grown under the heavy shade of a
mature rubber tree, should rubber-based cropping
systems be improved into rubber-intercrops commensal
cropping systems, which are most feasible to form a new
planting system and allow greater light penetration for
intercrops, to instead of the traditional planting systems of
rubber
In this context, a new planting pattern in which more
space and light would be provided to facilitate intercropping
during the whole production span of rubber tree
based on a new clone of rubber tree was studied.
The development of intercropping in rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis Muell. Arg.) plantation began in the 1950s inChina. In the 1950s, the expansion of rubber plantationarea brought up issues of land use in immature rubberplantations, especially due to shortage of grain, so themain purpose of intercropping was to provide the rubbergrower agricultural food products. During the 1970s-1980s, intercropping was put on the agenda due todamages of natural disasters such as typhoon, and thescale, efficiency and techniques of intercropping hadbeen developed in an unprecedented way until the mid of1980s. With the development of economic reform andopening up to the outside world, people’s living standardshave been greatly improved, and the productivity andproduct quality of intercrops in rubber plantations havebeen challenged or affected by other reasons, forinstance, the lack of market of some intercrops such astea, Alphinia in intercropping patterns rubber/tea and rubber/Alpinia oxyphylla which gradually lost their market(Lin et al., 1999).In the past, intercrops were positioned as second-linecrops to increase the land use capacity, yield per unitarea, income and employment opportunities (Lin et al.,1999). However, with the increment of disastrous weatherevents due to global climate change and ecologicalawareness, and the decrement of land for growing othercrops due to the fact that majority of lands have beencovered with rubber tree, as well as the demand of agricultureindustrialization due to marketization of products,it is also very important to stabilize income of farmers forwhole production span, especially in the period afternatural disaster or market stagnant, to produce food andvegetable for the people or to enrich biodiversity of rubberplantations in the area of hundred-miles rubber plantationin China so that intercrops are no longer as underpartand should be industrially planted as regular crops duringthe whole rubber production span of rubber tree.Nevertheless, most other crops generally do not grow astall as rubber tree, and hence with the development of therubber canopy, the practicality of inter-planting cropswhich demand fairly high amounts of radiation is not feasible (Rodrigo, 2001). Due to most economicallyimportant crops, most of which are heliophilous plants ofwhich the photosynthetic characteristics are difficult toimprove, cannot be grown under the heavy shade of amature rubber tree, should rubber-based croppingsystems be improved into rubber-intercrops commensalcropping systems, which are most feasible to form a newplanting system and allow greater light penetration forintercrops, to instead of the traditional planting systems ofrubberIn this context, a new planting pattern in which morespace and light would be provided to facilitate intercroppingduring the whole production span of rubber treebased on a new clone of rubber tree was studied.
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