Only very few moist sites have never met fire or storm.
On these sites the regeneration will take place in small
openings as a result of the falling down of single old and
decayed trees (Kuuluvainen, 2002). Natural regeneration is
possible, if the mineral soil is exposed by the fallen tree,
and if there are shade-tolerant Norway spruces to
regenerate. The stand will develop more or less unevenaged. If the old trees die one by one, the climax stand will
be spruce-dominated. The long-term dominance of Norway
spruce will gradually result in increasing soil acidity and
the disappearing of many light-demanding tree and plant
species of the undervegetation.