patients with oliguric (urine output less than 400 mL/day,or less than 0.5 mL/kg/h) or anuric (urine output less than 50 mL/day) acute kidney injury, or those with congestive heart failure or symptomatic pleural effusion. It is reasonable to provide total daily fluid requirements (maintenance requirements and replacement for GI or other abnormal losses) in the PN admixture in patients who depend on long-term PN. However, caution should be exercised when the PN admixture is diluted to an extent that may alter the stability and compatibility of the components. Diluting a PN admixture may affect its physical and chemical properties (e.g., pH, which could affect lipid emulsion stability and calcium–phosphate compatibility); therefore, stability and compatibility data should first be confirmed