Based on the review of literature presented above, we conducted two separate
experiments with the combined aim of developing understanding of the applicability
of person schemas for the study of impression formation in sport. To build
upon the earlier work of Greenlees et al. (2008), we studied the effect of penalty
taker nonverbal behaviors on impression formation and outcome expectations of
goalkeepers for the penalty kick situation in soccer. In Experiment 1, we studied
the effects of gaze levels—90% gaze or 10% gaze—and clothing color—red,
white, or no color (i.e., point-light display)—on goalkeeper impression formation
and consequent expectancies of success. Following the findings of Greenlees and
colleagues, and in line with the evolutionary argumentation concerning the color
red (Hill & Barton, 2005), we expected that red jerseys would increase the effect
Based on the review of literature presented above, we conducted two separateexperiments with the combined aim of developing understanding of the applicabilityof person schemas for the study of impression formation in sport. To buildupon the earlier work of Greenlees et al. (2008), we studied the effect of penaltytaker nonverbal behaviors on impression formation and outcome expectations ofgoalkeepers for the penalty kick situation in soccer. In Experiment 1, we studiedthe effects of gaze levels—90% gaze or 10% gaze—and clothing color—red,white, or no color (i.e., point-light display)—on goalkeeper impression formationand consequent expectancies of success. Following the findings of Greenlees andcolleagues, and in line with the evolutionary argumentation concerning the colorred (Hill & Barton, 2005), we expected that red jerseys would increase the effect
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