that use only the higher-status mathematics of theorem and proof.)
But, even then, you may not be allowed to use the word
discrimination
to label the difference between wages that is not explained by gender
differences in education, experience, and the like. Because the model
of smoothly functioning mechanical markets says that we are all paid
in accord with our (marginal) productivity, you may be required to
refer to the discrepancy as simply the “unexplained gap.” You may be
required to note that it could be due to unobserved variables such as
lower levels of ambition among female workers or women’s different
tastes for types of work (Weichselbaumer and Winter-Ebmer 2003).