Japan also decided to maintain its
antitrust immunity system till at least 2015, while
an agreement by the asia-pacific economic
Cooperation (APEC) forum was adopted in 2011
setting up guidelines on maritime competition rules
for consortia. In Europe, however, where such
exemptions were repealed in 2008, compliance with
the competition law continues to be enforced by the
European commission which in march 2012 fined
14 international logistics companies, including UPS
and kuehne and nagel 169 million for operating four price-fixing cartels