As indicated above, most transport efficiency decisions depend on or are
affected by other stakeholders than the road haulier. In order for these measures
to be implemented properly and to reap the benefits of energy efficiency and
cost reduction, co-operation between the actors within and outside the supply
chain is in focus. Therefore, the transport efficiency measures are divided into
three main groups. These are internal transport efficiency measures (to the
haulier), joint transport efficiency measures with the customers (the forwarder
or the shippers) and joint transport efficiency measures with the public sector.
These measures are neither mutually exclusive nor collectively exhaustive, but
are instead an attempt to encompass some of the literature within transport
efficiency and logistics areas where the effects on transport efficiency may be
increased or decreased. These three groups of transport efficiency measures are
discussed below.
3.1 Internal Transport E