Consequently,
although labour market flexibility is considered an important factor allowing markets,
organizations and individuals to adapt quickly to external and internal conditions and
thus inducing higher competitiveness and economic growth, the increase of non-stable
jobs generates new social risks: a) in terms of the quality of work itself (e.g. more precarious
and insecure forms of employment, with fewer access to training and promotional
opportunities) (Auer 2005; Rebelo 2003); b) in terms of individuals’ ability to negotiate
and to participate in collective activities (Kovács 2004b: 65); c) strengthening
the role of family and other social networks in the provision of welfare support, namely,
in compensating the absence of unemployment benefits (Gonzalez cit in Papadopoulos
2006); d) high risk of poverty and social exclusion due, namely, to the lack of social protection
(e.g. unemployment insurance) (Costa 2008; Perista and Nogueira 2006). As in
other countries, this has been a very critical issue of dispute between workers and employers
representatives. While the later “argue for the liberalization of the labour market and demand from the state the necessary reforms to guarantee the viability of private
economic activity (including the flexibilization of labour legislation)”, unions aim to
maintain employment levels “demanding of the state not only the enforcement of
compliance with labour laws by firms but also the development of policies designed to
counteract the tendency to increase lack of job insecurity” (Hespanha 1999: 69).
Consequently,although labour market flexibility is considered an important factor allowing markets,organizations and individuals to adapt quickly to external and internal conditions andthus inducing higher competitiveness and economic growth, the increase of non-stablejobs generates new social risks: a) in terms of the quality of work itself (e.g. more precariousand insecure forms of employment, with fewer access to training and promotionalopportunities) (Auer 2005; Rebelo 2003); b) in terms of individuals’ ability to negotiateand to participate in collective activities (Kovács 2004b: 65); c) strengtheningthe role of family and other social networks in the provision of welfare support, namely,in compensating the absence of unemployment benefits (Gonzalez cit in Papadopoulos2006); d) high risk of poverty and social exclusion due, namely, to the lack of social protection(e.g. unemployment insurance) (Costa 2008; Perista and Nogueira 2006). As inother countries, this has been a very critical issue of dispute between workers and employersrepresentatives. While the later “argue for the liberalization of the labour market and demand from the state the necessary reforms to guarantee the viability of privateeconomic activity (including the flexibilization of labour legislation)”, unions aim tomaintain employment levels “demanding of the state not only the enforcement ofcompliance with labour laws by firms but also the development of policies designed tocounteract the tendency to increase lack of job insecurity” (Hespanha 1999: 69).
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..