Introduction
Agricultural operation demands high accuracy and improved productivity. Position and
information technologies are changing the farmer’s relationship with the land all over the
world. Researchers and manufacturers are emphasizing machine control systems to
minimize the time required for operation and the drudgery associated with field operations.
Intelligent systems are one of the promising means for minimizing human involvement in
agriculture while achieving high accuracy and improved productivity. This system includes
a navigation controller, actuators for driving control, positioning of the vehicle by GPS,
and sensors for environmental recognition. The application of intelligent system in the
industrial application is vast from the very beginning in comparison with agriculture.
Application of intelligent systems in outdoor application had a difficult journey due to
many factors like wheel slippage, undulation of land, natural constraints, rain, and fogs.
However, efforts are being continued in the last few decades, for the development of
sensors to overcome these constraints and the improvement of navigation controller for
agricultural vehicles in the challenging environment.