2. Materials and methods
2.1. GP preparation
A sample of winemaking by-products of the Pinot Noir red grape (Vitis vinifera) variety was provided by a winery in Poland from their 2012 crop. The material was lyophilized to a moisture content of approximately 2–4%, and the skins were separated from the seeds with the aid of a sieve and milled to a fine powder (i.d.6150 lm).