1. Introduction
It is obviously true that technology changes and that changes
are happening at an ever increasing pace with regard to digital
technologies. This rapid pace of change places a burden on educators
and instructional designers. The challenge is to make
effective use of new technologies while preparing students for
productive lives in the 21st century. Three technologies will
be examined in this paper with regard to their likely impact
on learning and instruction: (a) massive open online courses
(MOOCs), (b) personalized learning, and (c) game-based learning.
The sources that will be examined that propose these as
promising technologies include a report entitled ‘‘Roadmap
for Education Technology commissioned by the National