the Holman et al. (2007) book, like other writings about new approaches designed by OD practitioner-scholars, makes evident that many practitioners who design change interventions are theorizing in their work, in the sense that they articulate expected outcomes of the intervention, they think out means by which these should be accomplished, and they have an understanding of why these means should work (christensen and raynor, 2003; Van de Ven, 2007). thus they certainly have well-developed espoused theories of change (and, hopefully, well developed theories-in-use as well) however, they are not describing them in the same ways that academics do. this certainly may not harm the actual intervention at all. however, it does limit possibilities for academic-practitioner dialog about the work. In particular, it limits how much OD practitioners can contribute to academic theorizing in ways that make sense to such theorizing.