The quantitative analysis was at a descriptive level. One limitation with using
quantitative data from only one classroom of pre-service teachers was small sample size, which
does not provide for generalizing to a larger population. An advantage, however, of using
quantitative results is the participants provided an overview of the levels of TPACK, which preservice
teachers enact when given a social studies activity which integrates an instructional
technology. The quantitative data also provided a way to triangulate with the study’s qualitative
findings.