The data was coded according to guidelines provided by Miles
and Huberman (1994). This approach provides a method for structur-
ing and focusing the information gathered. Both researchers coded all the interview data following a three-stage process: (1) We used
a contact summary sheet to record the main themes and issues
from each interview. We did this by closely examining the data,
and then generating some initial themes and emerging concepts.
A theme is a recurring topic of discussion that captured an
interview's central idea (Dutton and Dukerich, 1991). (2) The
second step in our data analysis was reviewing all the main
themes that were generated from the contact sheet. We reduced
our initial list of themes by merging some and eliminating others
by requiring each author to generate 12 distinct concepts representing activities and programs by the third party.