EM is widely used in the cultivation of crops, vegetables and animal husbandry (Zhou et al., 2009). The use of EM for reducing volumes of sewage sludge has often been suggested as feasible in eitherwastewater treatment plant or on-sitewastewater treatment system such as septic tanks (Szymanski and Patterson, 2003). The concept of EM was developed in the 1980s on overcoming hazards
of continued cropping and the preservation of quality in horticultural crops in Japan (Higa, 1991). EM specifically the original formulation of EM-1 has a combination of specially selected microorganisms capable of producing multiple benefits and as a multi-culture of coexisting anaerobic and aerobic beneficial microorganisms.EM contains selected species of microorganisms including predominant populations of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and low density of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces and other types of natural microorganisms. These composition of microorganisms
are mutually compatible with one another and can coexist in liquid culture (Higa and Parr, 1994). Since microorganisms are useful in eliminating problems associated with the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, they are now widely applied in natural farming and organic agriculture (Deiana et al., 2002). Until now, many research have been developed to study the application
of EM in treatment system.
EM is widely used in the cultivation of crops, vegetables and animal husbandry (Zhou et al., 2009). The use of EM for reducing volumes of sewage sludge has often been suggested as feasible in eitherwastewater treatment plant or on-sitewastewater treatment system such as septic tanks (Szymanski and Patterson, 2003). The concept of EM was developed in the 1980s on overcoming hazardsof continued cropping and the preservation of quality in horticultural crops in Japan (Higa, 1991). EM specifically the original formulation of EM-1 has a combination of specially selected microorganisms capable of producing multiple benefits and as a multi-culture of coexisting anaerobic and aerobic beneficial microorganisms.EM contains selected species of microorganisms including predominant populations of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and low density of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces and other types of natural microorganisms. These composition of microorganismsare mutually compatible with one another and can coexist in liquid culture (Higa and Parr, 1994). Since microorganisms are useful in eliminating problems associated with the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, they are now widely applied in natural farming and organic agriculture (Deiana et al., 2002). Until now, many research have been developed to study the applicationof EM in treatment system.
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