Formulation and implementation of national policies on ICT use, as outlined for the East African context by Wamakote, Ang‟ondi & Onguko earlier in this volume, are additional essential prerequisites, along with supportive local policies, school leadership and curriculum. Wamakote et al. indicate that policies are at last coming into operation, although there are a number of gaps in implementation strategies. A major obstacle arising is the tendency of national policies and school
curricula in most countries in SSA (and in developing contexts generally) to treat ICT as a discrete subject in the form of computer science or information technology when assessed by the national examination boards. There is an almost universal emphasis on teaching basic skills for software use and information gathering, whereas research indicates that integrating ICT into subject learning is
far more effective for students. The skills emphasis is reinforced by the lack of technology located in classrooms and a corresponding concentration on purpose-built computer labs. This is a model that countries like the UK, with a high penetration of ICT in schools, are now abandoning, especially as mobile and classroom-based technologies such as portable devices and interactive
whiteboards increase in prevalence.
Formulation and implementation of national policies on ICT use, as outlined for the East African context by Wamakote, Ang‟ondi & Onguko earlier in this volume, are additional essential prerequisites, along with supportive local policies, school leadership and curriculum. Wamakote et al. indicate that policies are at last coming into operation, although there are a number of gaps in implementation strategies. A major obstacle arising is the tendency of national policies and school
curricula in most countries in SSA (and in developing contexts generally) to treat ICT as a discrete subject in the form of computer science or information technology when assessed by the national examination boards. There is an almost universal emphasis on teaching basic skills for software use and information gathering, whereas research indicates that integrating ICT into subject learning is
far more effective for students. The skills emphasis is reinforced by the lack of technology located in classrooms and a corresponding concentration on purpose-built computer labs. This is a model that countries like the UK, with a high penetration of ICT in schools, are now abandoning, especially as mobile and classroom-based technologies such as portable devices and interactive
whiteboards increase in prevalence.
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