neglected area of venom research. The group as a whole
has been the subject of scant research and even so, strongly
biased towards the octopuses, with little attention devoted
to other coleoids such as cuttlefish and squid. This narrow
taxonomical view complicates the further study of venom
molecular evolution (Fry et al. 2003). Recently, we have
shown that octopus and cuttlefish share a common, venomous
ancestor (Fry et al. 2009), confirming that cephalopods
add new protein scaffolds to their arsenals via the
duplication of body regulatory proteins and subsequent
selective overexpression in the venom gland (Fry 2005; Fry
et al. 2009), yet the number of species examined in detail
remains low.