The stochastic process model predicts fuel consumption per cycle and fuel efficiency of trucks with 1% error. Simulated shovel utilization over a shift was used as an estimate of the average shovel engine load factor in a shift. The model was then used to evaluate energy saving strategies. Figure S1 shows that decreasing average haul distance (provided haul grade is maintained) and using the larger Hitachi EX2500 (20.4 yd3 dipper) instead of the EX1900 (14.4 yd3 dipper) increases fuel efficiency. Adding one more truck (either a 100-ton or 150-ton truck) results in a marginal (1.3-1.5%) decrease in fuel efficiency but a significant (27-34%) increase in productivity.