This study is subject to limitations that future research
could address. First, while this research investigates the
moderating effect of the type of hotel property (chain or
independent), additional hospitality-specific factors exist
that potentially affect the findings, such as the hotels’ size
and number of employees. Second, in terms of data collection,
the surveys’ completion between January and
April, a very busy season for tourism in the Canary Islands,
may have affected responses due to high stress levels of
managers and high workloads among subordinates. Future
research that obtains data from a number of different hotels
in different countries as well as a range of time periods
including peak and off-peak seasons may expand validation
of this study. In the similar vein, another limitation is
the ‘‘post-hoc’’ method to estimating the common method
bias in this study. Rather, the future research is suggested
to control the potential of common method bias by managing
the way to collect response data. For example, the
researchers may ask employees to rate the leadership
behaviors of their leaders and leaders to evaluate the
employees’ activities in the organization. Last, with regard
to the statistical analysis used, the agreed goodness-of-fit
for PLS analysis does not exist, which creates difficulty for
researchers to estimate the extent to which the response
data can explain the proposed model as well as allow
comparison between models using certain model fit
indexes.