At this point, an expansion of the cake batters is stopped. In this process, rice starch
in cake batters gel at 70.4e72.5 C(Table 2) and egg protein coagulated at 82e96 C(Mizukoshi et al., 1979). Amylose leaching during starch gel helped to form a network structure with foaming of egg white protein. Therefore, it is predicted that smaller particle sized rice flour (high starch fractions) could form small sized air cells in the crumb of rice cupcake after baking.