. Understanding the meaning and implications of grammatical structures; for example,
involving cause, result, purpose, reference in time (e.g. verb tenses; compare: “He could swim
well” – past, with “He could come at 10 a.m.” –future).
7. Recognizing discourse markers: e.g., “therefore” à conclusion, “however” à contrast,
“that is” à paraphrase, “e.g.” à example.
8. Recognizing the function of sentences, even when not introduced by discourse markers: e.g.,
the function of an example, definition, paraphrase, conclusion, warning, etc.