Methods
Recruitment, sampling, and data collection
This study examined data that were collected via an online survey
used to test a newly developed instrument, the Participation and
Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY).
Recruitment for the original study occurred from May to October
2010.32,33 Parents/caregivers of children with and without
disabilities residing in Canada and the United States were invited
to participate. Recruitment assistance from colleagues was
requested by phone, e-mail, in person at conferences, and through
Listservs or in professional organization newsletters. Research
staff provided program directors and staff with printed and Webbased
materials to post at their agency and distribute to families