Eligibility criteria included a CD4 count of at
least 350 cells per cubic millimeter (or a countryspecific threshold for initiating triple-drug ART,
if that threshold was higher), gestation of at
least 14 weeks and not in labor, no previous use of
triple-drug ART, no clinical or immune-related
indication for triple-drug ART, a hemoglobin
level of at least 7.5 g per deciliter, an absolute
neutrophil count of at least 750 cells per cubic
millimeter, an alanine aminotransferase level of
less than 2.5 times the upper limit of the normal
range, an estimated creatinine clearance of more
than 60 ml per minute, and no serious pregnancy complications. Receipt of one or two antiretroviral agents for the prevention of motherto-child transmission in previous pregnancies