Enterobacteriaceae are an important cause of infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The recent appearance of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae has generated a real therapeutic challenge.1 Reported for the first time in the 1990s, in the last year we have witnessed the dissemination of these strains in several Spanish hospitals. This has generated an important epidemiologic problem and a challenging situation in immunosuppressed patients like kidney transplant recipients.