Two-way interactions between earthworm and AM factors for shoot biomass and concentrations of Cd and P in maize (AeC), P concentration in sunflower shoot (D), and the
P:Cd ratios in maize (E) and sunflower (F) plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soils with no (NE) or with (WE) earthworm addition. NM ¼ non-mycorrhizal
control, Gi ¼ G. intraradices, Gm ¼ G. mosseae across all Cd treatments. Each value is the mean (n ¼ 9) ± 1 SE. Different letters above the columns indicate significant differences
among the means by Tukey's test (P < 0.05).