However, listening comprehension is neither top-down nor bottom-up processing, but an interactive, interpretive process where listeners use both prior knowledge and linguistic knowledge to understand the message. The frequency in which listeners use one process or the other will depend on their knowledge of the language, familiarity with the topic, or the purpose for listening. For instance, listening for gist involves primarily top-down processing, whereas listening for specific information, as in a weather broadcast, involves primarily bottom-up processing to comprehend all the desired details (Vandergrift, 2002)