5, A REVISEDC ONCEPTUALM ODELF OR KNOWLEDGE
'nIANSFER
It was clear from the fieldwork that the implementation
of the changes in technology and working practices
had gone beyond that of application. The activities
had been tried, monitored, subjected to feedback
control and in this way developed into the day-to-day
routines and processes of running the company. It was
clear that the more developmental areas of autonomy,
responsibility and personal development were beginning
to be talked about and considered but were not
yet found in evidence below senior manager level. It
was said by one of the senior managers that once
these activities have been tried, if they are to continue
they must be accepted. The core routines of the company
must reflect the basic beliefs and attitudes of
the company. People do not act inconsistently; human
action follows reasonably and consistently from relevant
behavioural dispositions (Ajzen, 1988). It is
reasonable to expect, therefore, that once knowledge
has been applied, before it can be assimilated into the
core routines it must be found to be acceptable to the
individuals. Only then will it be assimilated. It is recognized,
as a result of this study, that succcessful
implementation of technology change may occur
without evidence of assimilation. The meaning of the
assimilation stage is essentially descriptive of a creative
process. It incorporates the process of cumulative
learning. It implies the notion of change in individuals,
groups and organizations which is manifested
as shifts or modification in cognition, attitude and
behaviour as a direct result of the use of acquired
knowledge. The fieldwork provides evidence that
assimilation, for most of the expressed changes in
company culture, had not yet progressed to this stage.
Yet the findings were that many of these changes
were in place, being carded out daily and expressed would seem that there is a fifth stage to be entered
into the model that exists between application and
assimilation: that of acceptance. It would appear from
the data that the changes have been accepted by the
individuals in the company and that for this type of
organization this is a necessary step before assimilation.
The knowledge transfer model has thus been
redrawn in Fig. 6, illustrating the place of acceptance.
Linking the fieldwork with the literature has indicated
that time is an implicit factor in the transfer of
knowledge from individual to organization. The core
routines of the organization are not readily responsive
to change. A process of learning by doing, learning
from history, monitoring, control, feedback must
occur before the knowledge becomes accepted by the
organization and it is only then that the process of
assimilation can take place. The five-stage model suggests
that most of the changes that have been 'successfully'
implemented in the company are at the
acceptance stage. Thus successful implementation
may mean acceptance, if not assimilation.
5, A REVISEDC ONCEPTUALM ODELF OR KNOWLEDGE'nIANSFERIt was clear from the fieldwork that the implementationof the changes in technology and working practiceshad gone beyond that of application. The activitieshad been tried, monitored, subjected to feedbackcontrol and in this way developed into the day-to-dayroutines and processes of running the company. It wasclear that the more developmental areas of autonomy,responsibility and personal development were beginningto be talked about and considered but were notyet found in evidence below senior manager level. Itwas said by one of the senior managers that oncethese activities have been tried, if they are to continuethey must be accepted. The core routines of the companymust reflect the basic beliefs and attitudes ofthe company. People do not act inconsistently; humanaction follows reasonably and consistently from relevantbehavioural dispositions (Ajzen, 1988). It isreasonable to expect, therefore, that once knowledgehas been applied, before it can be assimilated into thecore routines it must be found to be acceptable to theindividuals. Only then will it be assimilated. It is recognized,as a result of this study, that succcessfulimplementation of technology change may occurwithout evidence of assimilation. The meaning of theassimilation stage is essentially descriptive of a creativeprocess. It incorporates the process of cumulativelearning. It implies the notion of change in individuals,groups and organizations which is manifestedas shifts or modification in cognition, attitude andbehaviour as a direct result of the use of acquiredknowledge. The fieldwork provides evidence thatassimilation, for most of the expressed changes incompany culture, had not yet progressed to this stage.Yet the findings were that many of these changeswere in place, being carded out daily and expressed would seem that there is a fifth stage to be enteredinto the model that exists between application andassimilation: that of acceptance. It would appear fromthe data that the changes have been accepted by theindividuals in the company and that for this type oforganization this is a necessary step before assimilation.The knowledge transfer model has thus beenredrawn in Fig. 6, illustrating the place of acceptance.Linking the fieldwork with the literature has indicatedthat time is an implicit factor in the transfer ofknowledge from individual to organization. The coreroutines of the organization are not readily responsiveto change. A process of learning by doing, learningfrom history, monitoring, control, feedback mustoccur before the knowledge becomes accepted by theorganization and it is only then that the process ofassimilation can take place. The five-stage model suggeststhat most of the changes that have been 'successfully'implemented in the company are at theขั้นยอมรับ จึงดำเนินการประสบความสำเร็จอาจหมายถึง การยอมรับ ถ้าไม่ผสมกลมกลืน
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