RRP extraction, preparation and microencapsulation
RRP were extracted using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction
(MAE) method adapted from Li (1997; 2003) and Zhao (2007),
and their values were assessed using single factor and orthogonal
analyses. Single factor analysis involved the determination of each
factor against the rest viz: extract dissolvent, the concentration of
the dissolvent, the microwave power, the microwave processing
time and the liquid-material ratio. Optimal results considered both
the extraction rate and cost. For evaluating of the overall value of
all of the 4 factors, 3 levels were selected for each factor to best design
extraction and an orthogonal analytical method and were employed
applying the extreme difference to verify the data (Table
1A).
RRP were purified using AB-8 macroporous resin adsorption
method of Gao and Zhang (2005). The purified pigments were
maintained at 80 C for 24 h before freeze-drying for 20 h. The results
of purification was assessed on 0.50 g amounts of the dry pigments
pre- and post- extraction, and the material adjusted to 50 ml
constant volume of distilled water before measuring its absorbency
at 520 nm, using the formula of Shu (2003). The colour value
unit (E) (which represents the absorbency at the maximum absorbency
wavelength for 1% pigment solution within a 1 cm spectrophotometer
cuvette) was calculated by measuring the absorbency
RRP extraction, preparation and microencapsulationRRP were extracted using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction(MAE) method adapted from Li (1997; 2003) and Zhao (2007),and their values were assessed using single factor and orthogonalanalyses. Single factor analysis involved the determination of eachfactor against the rest viz: extract dissolvent, the concentration ofthe dissolvent, the microwave power, the microwave processingtime and the liquid-material ratio. Optimal results considered boththe extraction rate and cost. For evaluating of the overall value ofall of the 4 factors, 3 levels were selected for each factor to best designextraction and an orthogonal analytical method and were employedapplying the extreme difference to verify the data (Table1A).RRP were purified using AB-8 macroporous resin adsorptionmethod of Gao and Zhang (2005). The purified pigments weremaintained at 80 C for 24 h before freeze-drying for 20 h. The resultsof purification was assessed on 0.50 g amounts of the dry pigmentspre- and post- extraction, and the material adjusted to 50 mlconstant volume of distilled water before measuring its absorbencyat 520 nm, using the formula of Shu (2003). The colour valueunit (E) (which represents the absorbency at the maximum absorbencywavelength for 1% pigment solution within a 1 cm spectrophotometercuvette) was calculated by measuring the absorbency
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