ES recovery
Overall ES supply was 43% higher in restored wetlands than in degraded ones (Fig. 2a), but 13% lower than in natural wetlands (Fig. 2b). Compared to degraded wetlands, restored wetlands showed much greater supply of provisioning ES (+80%), regulating ES (+47%) and supporting ES (+40%), while the two types of wetlands showed similar supply of cultural ES. Compared to natural wetlands, restored wetlands showed similar supply of provisioning and cultural ES, but lower supply of regulating (−22%) and supporting ES (−16%).