The ethanol production from lignocellulosic raw materials (2nd generation ethanol) is considered a promising strategy to increase the worldwide production of this biofuel without affecting the food provision. Therefore, great efforts have been directed in the last years to make feasible the ethanol production from these raw materials [1]. One of the main problems to be overcome in the industrial implementation of this production system is that during the pretreatment of the lignocellulosic materials to obtain sugar rich hydrolysates, several compounds that are toxic for the microbial metabolism are also released to the hydrolysates due to the use of high temperatures and chemicals (acids, bases, organic solvents, etc.) [2]. As a consequence, fermentation of sugar rich hydrolysates containing these inhibitory compounds is characterized by low ethanol yield and productivity [3]. Submitting the hydrolysate to a detoxification step prior to its use as fermentation medium has been proposed as an alternative to improve the fermentation results. However, this technology may require large investments, and the sugar losses may be significant according to the detoxification method used [2]. The yeast adaptation to the inhibitory compounds present in the hydrolysates could be an alternative to overcome this toxicity problem. Some studies have demonstrated that during the ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to convert several inhibitors to less-toxic derivatives at the cost of an extended lag phase and reduced ethanol productivity [4] and [5]. Cell adaptation has been suggested as being able to increase the inhibitor conversion rate, improving ethanol production [6]. Lignocellulose-derived inhibitors comprise several compounds that trigger a complex stress-related response in S. cerevisiae, involving interaction of several pathways and expression of genes with multiple functions [7]. Genetic engineering approaches for obtaining a inhibitor-tolerant yeast strain can have uncertain results in an industrial setting with wide-ranging inhibitor concentrations; for bioethanol production, directed-evolution techniques (which rely on selection pressure and spontaneous or induced mutations to obtain strains with augmented traits) could be more advantageous [8] and [9].