The conventional extraction (CE) of anthocyanins, which is
based on the bath stirring extraction method, is performed in
acidic solutions to obtain the red stable flavylium cation (Santos,
Veggi, & Meireles, 2010). Compared to CE, ultrasound-assisted
extraction (UAE), which has been used in the extraction of anthocyanins
(Lien, Chan, Lai, Huang, & Liao, 2012) and other phenolics
(Carrera, Ruiz-Rodriguez, Palma, & Barroso, 2012), have several
advantages including reduced processing time and solvent volume.
Additionally, UAE has an effective mass transfer and solvent
penetration through the disruption of plant cell walls via acoustical
cavitation (Rastogi, 2011). Accelerated-solvent extraction (ASE) is a
solvent extraction technique that is performed at elevated temperatures
and pressure, conditions that improve extraction kinetics
and reduce extraction time and solvent volume (