Overall, there is strong support for the fact that multiple types of
self-reported PBS use are negatively correlated with self-reported alcohol
use/problems. The present review addresses two important issues
that are essential to moving research on PBS forward. First, the present
reviewexamines themeasurement of PBS to resolve inconsistencies regarding
the operational definition of PBS, develop amore precise definition
of PBS, and compare differentmeasures of PBS use in terms of their
psychometric testing (see Prince, Carey, & Maisto, 2013, for a recent
methodological review). Second, given the range of research examining
antecedents to PBS use and moderators of the effects of PBS use on
alcohol-related outcomes, the literature is examined to summarize its
nomological network, or the overall pattern of relationships between
PBS use and other demographic and psychological constructs. In this
regard, longitudinal and experimental (e.g., intervention) studies are
given special attention given their ability to lead to stronger causal
inferences and determine if PBS use may be a mechanism of change in
alcohol use. Overall, the review is concluded by identifying significant
gaps in our knowledge regarding PBS and providing suggestions for
future research.