The present paper explores the relationship between leader behaviors and perceived
leader effectiveness in Rwanda. In particular, servant leader behaviors and leader
behaviors related to the African concept of Ubuntu are studied in relation to perceived
leader effectiveness in order to determine which set of behaviors most significantly
relate with effectiveness. In order to achieve this purpose, a scale for measuring Ubuntu among organizational leaders is developed. A non-probability convenience sample is used from among a population defined as Rwandan adults working in non-government
sectors. All survey items are translated into Kinyarwanda. Findings show that (a)
servant leadership is positively and significantly related to leader effectiveness; (b)
Ubuntu-related leadership is positively and significantly related to leader effectiveness;(c) servant leadership and Ubuntu are not significantly different in the strength of their relationships with leader effectiveness; and (d) there is mixed evidence for the discriminant validity of Ubuntu-related leadership as a construct distinct from servant leadership.