The factors were composed of body mass index, history of low back pain, history of hip/thigh pain, history of knee pain, falling history, prolong standing of more than 2 hours, lifting more than 5 kg, callus formation at hind foot/heel, the presence of hallux valgus, the presence of lesser toe deformities, normal foot type, pronated foot type, flat arch, ankle plantarflexor muscles strength, and ankle dorsiflexor muscles strength.