To address the inadequacy of early evolution education, upper-division coursework must provide additional opportunities for students to enhance their evolutionary knowledge, practice evolutionary problem solving, and devalue misconceptions. Abundant research suggests that if this is being done, it is not successful (Brumby 1984, Affanato 1986, Osif 1997, Nehm and Schonfeld forthcoming). If we are truly committed to instilling an understanding of evolution in college undergraduates, both introductory and advanced coursework will require extensive pedagogical and curricular revisions, along with rigorous assessments to measure the effects of these innovations on students’ knowledge and misconceptions of evolution.