Learning management systems (LMS) such as Blackboard, eCollege,
Moodle, Sakai and Desire2Learn have been used to support online classrooms
since the mid-1990s. However, as faculty members continue to rely on LMS
technologies, students are becoming increasingly frustrated with the rigidity and
overhead associated with these structured technologies (Ioannou & Hannafin,
2008; Oliveira, 2010). They have been called counterintuitive, slow, backward
and requiring too many clicks to arrive at destination information. Students have
also observed that assignments can get lost and discussions are difficult to
organize in any meaningful manner.