As shown in Tables 7, 8, and 9, the content of short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the content of long-chain fatty acids decreased in goat milk fermentation with L. rhamnosus GG compared with raw goat milk. This is likely due to short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids being in the sn-3 position of the triglyceride molecule and these fatty acids were hydrolyzed first by lipoprotein lipase in fermented goat milk, which increased the percentage of short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids and decreased that of long-chain fatty acids, which improved absorptivity and health function of goat milk.