The English race, consequently, has long and successfully studied the art of curbing executive power to the constant neglect of the art of perfecting executive methods. It has exercised itself much more in controlling than in energizing government. It has been more concerned to render government just and moderate than to make it facile, well ordered, and effective. English and American political history has been a history, not of administrative development, but of legislative oversight - not of progress in governmental organization, but of advance in lawmaking and political criticism. Consequently, we have reached a tine when administrative study and creation are imperatively necessary to the well - being of our governments saddled with the habits of a long period of constitution - making. That period has practically closed, so far as the establishment of essential principles is concerned, but we cannot shake off its atmosphere. We go on criticizing when we ought yo be creating. We have reached the third of the periods I have mentioned - the period, namely, when the people have to develop administration in accordance with the constitutions they won for themselves in a previous period of struggle with absolute power; but we are not prepared of the tasks of the new period.