Wet calendula seed was incubated at 45.C for 0, 2, 8, or24 h followed by incubation at 16.C for a total cumulative incu-bation period of 24 h. Following modified procedures from theTetrazolium Testing Handbook (Peters, 2000), seeds were bisectedlongitudinally, and the largest portion of the embryo was excised.There were 20 seeds per plate and 3 plates per treatment. Theexperiment was repeated twice. All 20 embryos from each platewere placed in 1 ml of 0.1% tetrazolium chloride solution and storedin the dark at room temperature for 4 h. Seeds were rinsed in 2volumes of MiliQ water and scored for viability. Seeds only wereconsidered viable if the entire embryo stained bright pink. Allembryos with partial staining were recorded as dead. Percent viableseed was calculated for each treatment.