However, phenanthrene losses through volatilization or abiotic degradation, as estimated by the controls, were shown to be small compared to the total amount of phenanthrene dissolved. If an aeration system and/or mixing apparatus are utilized for the O2 supply and strong mixing in the soil slurry reactor (mixing in this study was achieved by a rotation shaker), volatilization can be a significant mechanism. Therefore, additional facilities may be required for the off-gas treatment in parallel with the soil slurry system