Stable, medication-adherent, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder subjects 18|[ndash]|65 years without any previous AUD were compared to age, sex, and education-matched healthy control subjects. Subjects with a remitted AUD, were excluded out of concern that study participation might increase the risk of relapse. This study of subjects with schizophrenia but without an AUD was a prelude to studying subjects with an AUD. Patients deemed unstable, as defined by recent (3 months) or current hospitalization, or recent (3 months) homicidality, suicidality, or grave disability, were excluded. Subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of substance dependence, other than nicotine, and current treatment drugs that could interfere with alcohol effects (eg, benzodiazepines and anticonvulsants) were excluded from the study. Alcohol-na|[iuml]|ve individuals were excluded for ethical reasons.