OUTDOOR ADVENTURE TOURISM
When assessing adventure tourism it is necessary to also refer to adventure recreation, as the latter is at the heart of the former as it is currently defined. The vast majority of studies accept adventure recreation as its integral part (Christiansen 1990; Hall 1989; Johnston 1992). Adventure recreation has its origin in traditional outdoor recreation. While both types involve activities and specific skills in outdoor settings, they differ, according to Ewert, in the “deliberate seeking of risk and uncertainty of outcome” (1989:8) associated with adventure recreation.To him, risk takes on a central role as satisfaction with the experience, and a desire to participate may decrease if risk is absent. In this context, risk is most commonly equated to the physical risk of serious injury or death. This notion characterizes an adventure recreation experience as does the construct of perceived competence (Martin and Priest 1986; Priest 1992), or more accurately the interplay between them (Ewert and Hollenhorst 1989; Martin and Priest 1986).