Scientists need to keep the observations and research they do organized. The method they use to
do this is called the scientific method. The scientific method is a process of steps that helps
scientists find answers to problems or questions. The first step in the scientific method is called
the hypotheses. The hypotheses is the scientists best guess at what will occur or happen in the
experiment or thing being observed. In order to test the hypotheses a scientist will repeat the
experiment several times to see if the results are the same or different. If the experiment is
successful the hypotheses will be predictable and repeat over and over. The scientist will attempt
to explain why this happens by gathering data, observing, and looking for evidence to support the
hypotheses. If they find evidence to support the hypotheses, it may lead to the discovery of a new
theory or law of science.
Scientists use the following methods to help research and test hypotheses using the scientific
method. 1) Observing the event or thing. Scientists use special tools to help them look closely at
things. In addition to their own eyes, nose, and ears, scientists might use microscopes,
telescopes, machines, or other tools to help them observe things. 2) Scientists need to classify
the things they observe. They classify them in groups of things that are alike or different. 3)
Scientists measure things to help with classifying. You can put your hand above boiling water and
feel the hot steam. However, to find out what temperature water boils at you will need a
thermometer measure the heat level. Scientists have special tools to measure heat, mass,
distance, time, and volume. 4) Scientists infer and predict things based on their observations.
Here is an example of inference. Say you were observing an octopus in the ocean. And every time
a large shark came near, the Octopus shot a large cloud of jet black ink out and the shark swam
away. You might infer the octopus releases ink as a defense when it feel threatened. If you
observed this happening over and over you may be able to make a prediction as to what will
happen if another shark approaches the octopus. 5) Scientists need to communicate their
findings and observations and share their discoveries. In order to do this they may chart data, draw
pictures, use video recorders or cameras, make graphs, maps, use computers or publish books
and articles. They want to clearly document what’s happening and share it with others.